REDIS WINDOWS 下配置

Windows版的Redis可到此处下载,非官方版
http://code.google.com/p/servicestack/wiki/RedisWindowsDownload

redis.conf
复制以下===与====之内的内容
=================================
# Redis configuration file example

# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
daemonize no

# When run as a daemon, Redis write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by default.
# You can specify a custom pid file location here.
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid

# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379
port 6379

# If you want you can bind a single interface, if the bind option is not
# specified all the interfaces will listen for connections.
#
# bind 127.0.0.1

# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
timeout 300

# Set server verbosity to 'debug'
# it can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel debug

# Specify the log file name. Also 'stdout' can be used to force
# the demon to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
logfile stdout

# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
databases 16

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  #################################
#
# Save the DB on disk:
#
#   save <seconds> <changes>
#
#   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
#   number of write operations against the DB occurred.
#
#   In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
#   after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
#   after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
#   after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000

# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
# For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.
# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
rdbcompression yes

# The filename where to dump the DB
dbfilename dump.rdb

# For default save/load DB in/from the working directory
# Note that you must specify a directory not a file name.
dir ./

################################# REPLICATION #################################

# Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of
# another Redis server. Note that the configuration is local to the slave
# so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a
# different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.
#
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>

# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the slave request.
#
# masterauth <master-password>

################################## SECURITY ###################################

# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
# commands.  This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
# others with access to the host running redis-server.
#
# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
#
# requirepass foobared

################################### LIMITS ####################################

# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default there
# is no limit, and it's up to the number of file descriptors the Redis process
# is able to open. The special value '0' means no limts.
# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error 'max number of clients reached'.
#
# maxclients 128

# Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an
# EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire
# in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.
# Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible.
#
# If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to most read-only commands like GET.
#
# WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a
# 'state' server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real
# database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if
# it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you'll have the time
# to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you'll start to get
# errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency.
#
# maxmemory <bytes>

############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. If you can live
# with the idea that the latest records will be lost if something like a crash
# happens this is the preferred way to run Redis. If instead you care a lot
# about your data and don't want to that a single record can get lost you should
# enable the append only mode: when this mode is enabled Redis will append
# every write operation received in the file appendonly.log. This file will
# be read on startup in order to rebuild the full dataset in memory.
#
# Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you
# like (you have to comment the "save" statements above to disable the dumps).
# Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the
# log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.
#
# The name of the append only file is "appendonly.log"
#
# IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append
# log file in background when it gets too big.

appendonly no

# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only if one second passed since the last fsync. Compromise.
#
# The default is "always" that's the safer of the options. It's up to you to
# understand if you can relax this to "everysec" that will fsync every second
# or to "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it want, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting).

appendfsync always
# appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no

############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################

# Glue small output buffers together in order to send small replies in a
# single TCP packet. Uses a bit more CPU but most of the times it is a win
# in terms of number of queries per second. Use 'yes' if unsure.
glueoutputbuf yes

# Use object sharing. Can save a lot of memory if you have many common
# string in your dataset, but performs lookups against the shared objects
# pool so it uses more CPU and can be a bit slower. Usually it's a good
# idea.
#
# When object sharing is enabled (shareobjects yes) you can use
# shareobjectspoolsize to control the size of the pool used in order to try
# object sharing. A bigger pool size will lead to better sharing capabilities.
# In general you want this value to be at least the double of the number of
# very common strings you have in your dataset.
#
# WARNING: object sharing is experimental, don't enable this feature
# in production before of Redis 1.0-stable. Still please try this feature in
# your development environment so that we can test it better.
# shareobjects no
# shareobjectspoolsize 1024

================================================
将以上内容存储为redis.conf

解压下载的redis包。我的windows下的解压地址是D:\redis-2.0.2
将redis.conf 拷贝到D:\redis-2.0.2\下

指定redis的配置文件,如没有指定,则使用默认设置
D:\redis-2.0.2>redis-server.exe redis.conf

如下图则开启正常
点击查看原图

新开一个cmd命令窗口
redis-cli.exe:命令行客户端,测试用
D:\redis-2.0.2>redis-cli.exe -h 192.168.10.59 -p 6379
192.168.10.59 是我本地的地址

如下图则

点击查看原图

玩redis吧~~
点击查看原图

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另一摘要

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window平台Redis安装

下载地址: http://code.google.com/p/servicestack/wiki/RedisWindowsDownload

Redis文件夹有以下几个文件

redis-server.exe:服务程序

redis-check-dump.exe:本地数据库检查

redis-check-aof.exe:更新日志检查

redis-benchmark.exe:性能测试,用以模拟同时由N个客户端发送M个 SETs/GETs 查询 (类似于 Apache 的ab 工具).

指定redis的配置文件,如没有指定,则使用默认设置

解压目录:

d:\>redis-server.exe

redis-cli.exe:命令行客户端,测试用.windows下没有redis.conf配置文件.  

解压目录:
d:\>redis-cli.exe -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379

使用方法有两种:一种是直接使用redis-cli.exe 后面加操作,另一种是直接输入redis-cli.exe进入管理界面,然后直接在redis提示符下输入命令即可.

设置一个Key并获取返回的值:

$ ./redis-cli set mykey somevalue

OK

$ ./redis-cli get mykey

Somevalue

如何添加值到list:

$ ./redis-cli lpush mylist firstvalue

OK

$ ./redis-cli lpush mylist secondvalue

OK

$ ./redis-cli lpush mylist thirdvalue

OK

$ ./redis-cli lrange mylist 0 -1

1. thirdvalue

2. secondvalue

3. firstvalue

$ ./redis-cli rpop mylist

firstvalue

$ ./redis-cli lrange mylist 0 -1

1. thirdvalue

2. secondvalue

redis-benchmark.exe:性能测试,用以模拟同时由N个客户端发送M个 SETs/GETs 查询 (类似于 Apache 的 ab 工具).

./redis-benchmark -n 100000 –c 50

====== SET ======

100007 requests completed in 0.88 seconds (译者注:100004 查询完成于 1.14 秒 )

50 parallel clients (译者注:50个并发客户端)

3 bytes payload (译者注:3字节有效载荷)

keep alive: 1 (译者注:保持1个连接)

58.50% <= 0 milliseconds(译者注:毫秒)

99.17% <= 1 milliseconds

99.58% <= 2 milliseconds

99.85% <= 3 milliseconds

99.90% <= 6 milliseconds

100.00% <= 9 milliseconds

114293.71 requests per second(译者注:每秒 114293.71 次查询)

......

Windows下测试并发客户端极限为60

 

linux平台Redis安装:

wget http://code.google.com/p/redis/downloads/detail?name=redis-2.0.4.tar.gz
tar xvzf redis-2.0.4.tar.gz
cd  redis-2.0.4
make
mkdir /home/redis
cp redis-server  /home/redis
cp redis-benchmark  /home/redis
cp redis-cli  /home/redis
cp redis.conf  /home/redis
cd  /home/redis

启动

./redis-server redis.conf

进入命令交互模式,两种:

1:   ./redis-cli

2:   telnet 127.0.0.1 6379       (ip接端口)

在安装的时候要注意系统时间要正确,不然可能会提示"make[1]: warning: Clock skew detected. Your build may be incomplete"错误!

=============================================================

配置文件参数说明:

 

1. Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行,可以通过该配置项修改,使用yes启用守护进程

daemonize no

2. 当Redis以守护进程方式运行时,Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件,可以通过pidfile指定

pidfile /var/run/redis.pid

3. 指定Redis监听端口,默认端口为6379,作者在自己的一篇博文中解释了为什么选用6379作为默认端口,因为6379在手机按键上MERZ对应的号码,而MERZ取自意大利歌女Alessia Merz的名字

port 6379

4. 绑定的主机地址

bind 127.0.0.1

5.当 客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接,如果指定为0,表示关闭该功能

timeout 300

6. 指定日志记录级别,Redis总共支持四个级别:debug、verbose、notice、warning,默认为verbose

loglevel verbose

7. 日志记录方式,默认为标准输出,如果配置Redis为守护进程方式运行,而这里又配置为日志记录方式为标准输出,则日志将会发送给/dev/null

logfile stdout

8. 设置数据库的数量,默认数据库为0,可以使用SELECT <dbid>命令在连接上指定数据库id

databases 16

9. 指定在多长时间内,有多少次更新操作,就将数据同步到数据文件,可以多个条件配合

save <seconds> <changes>

Redis默认配置文件中提供了三个条件:

save 900 1

save 300 10

save 60 10000

分别表示900秒(15分钟)内有1个更改,300秒(5分钟)内有10个更改以及60秒内有10000个更改。

10. 指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据,默认为yes,Redis采用LZF压缩,如果为了节省CPU时间,可以关闭该选项,但会导致数据库文件变的巨大

rdbcompression yes

11. 指定本地数据库文件名,默认值为dump.rdb

dbfilename dump.rdb

12. 指定本地数据库存放目录

dir ./

13. 设置当本机为slav服务时,设置master服务的IP地址及端口,在Redis启动时,它会自动从master进行数据同步

slaveof <masterip> <masterport>

14. 当master服务设置了密码保护时,slav服务连接master的密码

masterauth <master-password>

15. 设置Redis连接密码,如果配置了连接密码,客户端在连接Redis时需要通过AUTH <password>命令提供密码,默认关闭

requirepass foobared

16. 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数,默认无限制,Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数,如果设置 maxclients 0,表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时,Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max number of clients reached错误信息

maxclients 128

17. 指定Redis最大内存限制,Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中,达到最大内存后,Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key,当此方法处理 后,仍然到达最大内存设置,将无法再进行写入操作,但仍然可以进行读取操作。Redis新的vm机制,会把Key存放内存,Value会存放在swap区

maxmemory <bytes>

18. 指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录,Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘,如果不开启,可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为 redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的,所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no

appendonly no

19. 指定更新日志文件名,默认为appendonly.aof

appendfilename appendonly.aof

20. 指定更新日志条件,共有3个可选值:

no:表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘(快)

always:表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘(慢,安全)

everysec:表示每秒同步一次(折衷,默认值)

appendfsync everysec

21. 指定是否启用虚拟内存机制,默认值为no,简单的介绍一下,VM机制将数据分页存放,由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上,访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中(在后面的文章我会仔细分析Redis的VM机制)

vm-enabled no

22. 虚拟内存文件路径,默认值为/tmp/redis.swap,不可多个Redis实例共享

vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap

23. 将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的(Redis的索引数据 就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0

vm-max-memory 0

24. Redis swap文件分成了很多的page,一个对象可以保存在多个page上面,但一个page上不能被多个对象共享,vm-page-size是要根据存储的 数据大小来设定的,作者建议如果存储很多小对象,page大小最好设置为32或者64bytes;如果存储很大大对象,则可以使用更大的page,如果不 确定,就使用默认值

vm-page-size 32

25. 设置swap文件中的page数量,由于页表(一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap)是在放在内存中的,,在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存。

vm-pages 134217728

26. 设置访问swap文件的线程数,最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的,可能会造成比较长时间的延迟。默认值为4

vm-max-threads 4

27. 设置在向客户端应答时,是否把较小的包合并为一个包发送,默认为开启

glueoutputbuf yes

28. 指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时,采用一种特殊的哈希算法

hash-max-zipmap-entries 64

hash-max-zipmap-value 512

29. 指定是否激活重置哈希,默认为开启(后面在介绍Redis的哈希算法时具体介绍)

activerehashing yes

30. 指定包含其它的配置文件,可以在同一主机上多个Redis实例之间使用同一份配置文件,而同时各个实例又拥有自己的特定配置文件

include /path/to/local.conf

=============================================================

 

问题讨论:
1. Redis官方文档对VM的使用提出了一些建议:
当你的key很小而value很大时,使用VM的效果会比较好.因为这样节约的内存比较大.
当你的key不小时,可以考虑使用一些非常方法将很大的key变成很大的value,比如你可以考虑将key,value组合成一个新的value.
最好使用linux ext3 等对稀疏文件支持比较好的文件系统保存你的swap文件.
vm-max-threads这个参数,可以设置访问swap文件的线程数,设置最好不要超过机器的核数.如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的.可能会造成比较长时间的延迟,但是对数据完整性有很好的保证.
2. 关于Redis新的存储模式diskstore(http://timyang.net/data/redis-diskstore),
节选:
适合Web 2.0数据访问最佳的方式就是完全基于内存,比如用Memcached或者Redis snapshot方式。但是更多的业务场景是数据规模会超过RAM容量,因此有几种不同的设计模式。

VM方式: 将数据分页存放,由应用(如Redis)或者操作系统(如Varnish)将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上,访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中。应用实现VM缺点是代码逻辑复杂,如果业务上冷热数据边界并不分明,则换入换出代价太高,系统整体性能低。不少抢鲜的网友在微博上也反馈过使用VM种种不稳定情况。操作系统实现缺点在于主要OS的VM换入换出是基于Page概念,比如OS VM1个Page是4K, 4K中只要还有一个元素即使只有1个字节被访问,这个页也不会被SWAP,换入也同样道理,读到一个字节可能会换入4K无用的内存。而Redis自己实现则可以达到控制换入的粒度。另外访问操作系统SWAP内存区域时block进程,也是导致Redis要自己实现VM原因之一。   磁盘方式: 所有的数据读写访问都是基于磁盘,由操作系统来只能的缓存访问的数据。由于现代操作系统都非常聪明,会将频繁访问的数据加入到内存中,因此应用并不需要过多特殊逻辑。MongoDB就是这种设计方式。这种方式也有一些已知的缺点,比如操作MMap写入磁盘由操作系统控制,操作系统先写哪里后写哪里应用并不知情,如果写入过程中发生了crash则数据一致性会存在问题。这个也是MongoDB饱受争议的单机Durability问题 

硬盘存储+cache方式: 实际原理和mysql+memcache方式类似,只不过将两者功能合二为一到一个底层服务中,简化了调用。

在上面几种方式中,除去VM,antirez觉得MongoDB方式也不太适合,因此选择了disktore方式来实现新的磁盘存储,具体细节是
1) 读操作,使用read through以及LRU方式。内存中不存在的数据从磁盘拉取并放入内存,内存中放不下的数据采用LRU淘汰。

 

2) 写操作,采用另外spawn一个线程单独处理,写线程通常是异步的,当然也可以把cache-flush-delay配置设成0,Redis尽量保证即时写入。但是在很多场合延迟写会有更好的性能,比如一些计数器用Redis存储,在短时间如果某个计数反复被修改,Redis只需要将最终的结果写入磁盘。这种做法作者叫per key persistence。由于写入会按key合并,因此和snapshot还是有差异,disk store并不能保证时间一致性。由于写操作是单线程,即使cache-flush-delay设成0,多个client同时写则需要排队等待,如果队列容量超过cache-max-memory,Redis设计会进入等待状态,造成调用方卡住。Google Group上有热心网友迅速完成了压力测试,当内存用完之后,set每秒处理速度从25k下降到10k再到后来几乎卡住。虽然通过增加cache-flush-delay可以提高相同key重复写入性能;通过增加cache-max-memory可以应对临时峰值写入。但是diskstore写入瓶颈最终还是在IO。
3) rdb 和新 diskstore 格式关系
rdb是传统Redis内存方式的存储格式,diskstore是另外一种格式,那两者关系如何?1.通过BGSAVE可以随时将diskstore格式另存为rdb格式,而且rdb格式还用于Redis复制以及不同存储方式之间的中间格式。 

2.通过工具可以将rdb格式转换成diskstore格式。

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