{"id":164,"date":"2011-04-29T00:09:03","date_gmt":"2011-04-29T00:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"fa7cdfad1a5aaf8370ebeda47a1ff1c3"},"modified":"2011-04-29T00:09:03","modified_gmt":"2011-04-29T00:09:03","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xiaobo.li\/notes\/archives\/164","title":{"rendered":"nginx\u5904\u7406web\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nginx\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>Nginx\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u5341\u5206\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668,Nginx\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a\u201cengine X\u201d\uff0c \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684HTTP\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aIMAP\/POP3\/SMTP \u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0eNginx\u662f\u7531\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba Igor Sysoev\u4e3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7684 Rambler.ru\u7ad9\u70b9\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8be5\u7ad9\u70b9\u8fd0\u884c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u5e74\u534a\u4e86\u3002Igor Sysoev\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u65f6,\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8eBSD\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b14\u8005\u7684VPS\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fnginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u914d\u7f6e\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u7f51\u4e0a\u62f7\u8d1d\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4e00\u77e5\u534a\u89e3\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u624b\u5934\u6709VPS\u53ef\u4ee5\u73a9\uff0c\u8d81\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\u8ba4\u771f\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0bnginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0e\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u8bb2nginx<\/strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406web\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>(web request)\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u57df\u540d\u7684\u865a\u62df\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h3>\n

nginx\u9996\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2aserver\u57df\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u67093\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c*:80\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

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?<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\n
\n
server { <\/code><\/div>\n
listen 80; <\/code><\/div>\n
server_name nginx.org www.nginx.org; <\/code><\/div>\n
... <\/code><\/div>\n
} <\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/code> <\/div>\n
server { <\/code><\/div>\n
listen 80; <\/code><\/div>\n
server_name nginx.net www.nginx.net; <\/code><\/div>\n
... <\/code><\/div>\n
} <\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/code> <\/div>\n
server { <\/code><\/div>\n
listen 80; <\/code><\/div>\n
server_name nginx.com www.nginx.com; <\/code><\/div>\n
... <\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0cnignx\u6839\u636eHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u201cHost\u201d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2aserver\u63a5\u6536web\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u201cHost\u201d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u8005Host\u7684\u503c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55sever\u4e2d\u7684$host_name\uff0cnginx\u5c31\u4f1a\u628aweb\u8bf7\u6c42\u9001\u5230\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684server\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49default_server\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aserver\u3002<\/p>\n

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?<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\n
\n
server { <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>listen       80  default_server; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>server_name  nginx.net  www.nginx.net; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>... <\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u53c2\u6570\u201cdefault_server\u201d \u662f0.8.21\u540e\u7248\u672c\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9. \u6b64\u524d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u7528\u201cdefault\u201d\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002 <\/code>
\n\u4e0a\u9762\u662f\u9488\u5bf9web\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u201cHost\u201d\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u65e0server_name\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1f<\/h3>\n
\n
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6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
server { <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>listen       80  default_server; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>server_name  _; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>return<\/span><\/strong><\/code>       444; <\/code><\/div>\n
   <\/code>#\u6240\u7528\"Host\"\u4e3a\u7a7a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd4\u56de444\u54cd\u5e94\u3002 <\/span><\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406\u57fa\u4e8eIP\u548c\u57df\u540d\u7684\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a<\/h3>\n
\n
\n
?<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n
14<\/div>\n
15<\/div>\n
16<\/div>\n
17<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
server { <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>listen       192.168.1.1:80; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>server_name  nginx.org  www.nginx.org; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>... <\/code><\/div>\n
} <\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/code> <\/div>\n
server { <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>listen       192.168.1.1:80; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>server_name  nginx.net  www.nginx.net; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>... <\/code><\/div>\n
} <\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/code> <\/div>\n
server { <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>listen       192.168.1.2:80; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>server_name  nginx.com  www.nginx.com; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>... <\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0cnginx\u9996\u5148\u5339\u914dIP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u54cd\u5e94IP\u4e0b\u7684server_name\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5339\u914d\u7684server_name\uff0cngixn\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u9ed8\u8ba4server\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53nginx\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea 192.168.1.1:80 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42www.nginx.com\uff0c
\n\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u9ed8\u8ba4server\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c06\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aserver\u4e2d\u3002
\nnginx\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4server\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
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14<\/div>\n
15<\/div>\n
16<\/div>\n
17<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
server { <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>listen        192.168.1.1:80; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>server_name   nginx.org  www.nginx.org; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>... <\/code><\/div>\n
} <\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/code> <\/div>\n
server { <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>listen        192.168.1.1:80  default_server; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>server_name   nginx.net  www.nginx.net; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>... <\/code><\/div>\n
} <\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/code> <\/div>\n
server { <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>listen        192.168.1.2:80  default_server; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>server_name   nginx.com  www.nginx.com; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>... <\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406PHP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770bnginx\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9aweb\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684location\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n
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20<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
server { <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>listen        80; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>server_name   nginx.org  www.nginx.org; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>root          <\/code>\/data\/www<\/code>; <\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/code> <\/div>\n
    <\/code>location \/ { <\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>index     index.html  index.php; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>} <\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/code> <\/div>\n
    <\/code>location ~* \\.(gif|jpg|png)$ { <\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>expires   30d; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>} <\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/code> <\/div>\n
    <\/code>location ~ \\.php$ { <\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>fastcgi_pass   localhost:9000; <\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME <\/code><\/div>\n
                       <\/code>$document_root$fastcgi_script_name; <\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>include        fastcgi_params; <\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>} <\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

nginx\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5339\u914d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b26\u5982\u201d\/\u201d\uff0c\u5982location \/ {\u2026}\u3002\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4f9d\u6b21\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684location\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0cnginx\u4f1a\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b26\u201d\/\u201d\u4e0b\u3002
\n\u4e2a\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\uff1anginx\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u5904\u7406\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b26\"\/\"\u3001\"\/images\"\u8fd9\u4e9blocation\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u624d\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5339\u914d\u5305\u542b\u6b63\u5219\u7684location\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\".\/logo.gif\"\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b26\"\/\",\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u901a\u7528\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\"\\.(gif|jpg|png)$\",\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u88ab\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b26\u6240\u5339\u914d.Nginx\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\"root \/data\/www\"\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\"\/data\/www\/logo.gif\",\u4e4b\u540e\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cngixn\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u7684location\u4e2d\u3002<\/code>
\n\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0cngixn\u5904\u7406\u7684URI\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32(query string)\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

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1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
\/index.php?user=john&page=1 <\/code><\/div>\n
\/index.php?page=1&user=john<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n

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?<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
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\/index.php?page=1&something+else&user=john<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u6700\u540e\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cnignx\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
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